What is hypertension in pregnancy?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that can occur during pregnancy. It is defined as a systolic blood pressure (the top number) of 140 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of 90 mmHg or higher, measured on two or more occasions. Hypertension in pregnancy can be classified into different types, including preexisting hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia.

Preexisting hypertension refers to high blood pressure that was present before the pregnancy or diagnosed before the 20th week of gestation. Gestational hypertension, on the other hand, is high blood pressure that develops after the 20th week of pregnancy in a woman who previously had normal blood pressure. Preeclampsia is a more severe form of hypertension that is accompanied by protein in the urine, maternal organ dysfunction and fetal growth restriction and can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby. Chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia is a condition where a woman with pre-existing high blood pressure develops preeclampsia during pregnancy.

Understanding the different types of hypertension in pregnancy is crucial for effective management and monitoring of the condition. Each type requires a specific approach to ensure the well-being of the mother and the developing baby. Healthcare providers play a vital role in accurately diagnosing the type of hypertension and implementing appropriate treatment strategies to mitigate the risks associated with this condition.

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in pregnancy

Hypertension is one of the most common medical complications encountered during pregnancy, affecting approximately 10% of all pregnancies worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy varies depending on various factors, such as the population studied, the diagnostic criteria used, and the healthcare system’s access and quality.

Several risk factors have been identified that can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing hypertension during pregnancy. These include:

• Preexisting hypertension or other cardiovascular conditions
• Obesity or overweight
• Diabetes or gestational diabetes
• Kidney disease
• Autoimmune disorders
• Family history of hypertension or preeclampsia
• Advanced maternal age (over 35 years)
• Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)
• History of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension in previous pregnancies

Read more :  Gynecology and obstetrics